These are simple two position Open/Shut valves using a poppet and seat. Figure 4.46 shows the construction and symbol for a normally open (pilot to close) valve. A normally closed (pilot to open) valve can be constructed as Figure 4.47. Because a cartridge valve is a two position valve, four valves are needed to provide …
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Valves are normally mounted onto a valve skid with piping at the rear, or underneath, to allow quick changes to be made for maintenance purposes. Piping can, however, be dispensed with almost totally by mounting valves onto a manifold block- with interconnections formed by drilled passages in a solid block or by cut-outs on a …
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Pneumatic time delay valves (Figure 4.28) are used to delay operations where time-based sequences are required. Figure 4.28a shows construction of a typical valve. This is similar in construction to a 3/2 way pilot-operated valve, but the space above the main valve is comparatively large and pilot air is only allowed in via a flow …
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A shuttle valve, also known as a double check valve, allows pressure in a line to be obtained from alternative sources. It is primarily a pneumatic device and is rarely found in hydraulic circuits. Construction is very simple and consists of a ball inside a cylinder, as shown in Figure 4.25a. If pressure is applied …
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The speed of a hydraulic or pneumatic actuator can be controlled by adjusting the rate at which a fluid is admitted to, or allowed out from, a device. A restriction check valve (often called a throttle relief valve in pneumatics) allows full flow in one direction and a reduced flow in the other direction. Figure …
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The cylinder in the system in Figure 4.22 should, theoretically, hold position when the control valve is in its centre, off, position. In practice, the cylinder will tend to creep because of leakage in the control valve. Check valves have excellent sealage in the closed position, but a simple check valve cannot be used in …
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With large capacity pneumatic valves (particularly poppet valves) and most hydraulic valves, the operating force required to move the valve can be large. If the required force is too large for a solenoid or manual operation, a two-stage process called pilot operation is used. The principle is shown in Figure 4.16. Valve 1 is the …
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Rotary valves consist of a rotating spool which aligns with holes in the valve casing to give the required operation. Figure 4.15 shows the construction and symbol of a typical valve with centre off action. Rotary valves are compact, simple and have low operating forces. They are, however, low pressure devices and are consequently mainly …
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Sequence valves control the sequence of operation between two branches in a circuit; that is, they enable one unit to automatically set another unit into motion. An example of the use of a sequence valve is in an aircraft landing gear actuating system. In a landing gear actuating system, the landing gear doors must open …
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Pressure regulators, often referred to as unloading valves, are used in fluid power systems to regulate pressure. In pneumatic systems, the valve, commonly referred to as a pressure regulator, simply reduces pressure. This type of valve is discussed later in this chapter under pressure-reducing valves. In hydraulic systems the pressure regulator is used to unload …
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